推荐使用CentOS系统及下载(添加国内镜像源)
转载自:www.linuxtone.org
CentOS是Linux的一个发行版。
特点:
===
1、可以把CentOS理解为Red Hat AS系列!它完全就是对Red Hat AS进行改进后发布的!各种操作、使用和RED HAT没有区别!
2、CentOS完全免费,不存在RED HAT AS4需要序列号的问题。
3、CentOS独有的yum命令支持在线升级,可以即时更新系统,不像RED HAT那样需要花钱购买支持服务!
4、CentOS修正了许多RED HAT AS的BUG!
呵呵,保留了RED HAT AS的优势,去掉了RED HAT AS 的限制,为什么不用CentOS呢?
附:
1、CentOS版本说明:
CentOS3.1 等同于 RED HAT AS3 Update1
CentOS3.4 等同于 RED HAT AS3 Update4
CentOS4.0 等同于 RED HAT AS4
…………………
2、CentOS 主页
http://www.centos.org
3、CentOS5.1 ISO文件下载:
http://mirror.nsc.liu.se/CentOS/5.1/isos/i386/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5.1/isos/
添加国内镜像源
一、CentOS国内镜像源下载
1、备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo文件
#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 填入如下内容
代码:
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
2、执行
rpm –import http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
二、CentOS 下使用本地镜像源
如果你已经下载了centos的DVD或者多CD版本,那好办,解压i386目录到本地的目录,比如/pkgstore/CentOS而CentOS已经 在/etc/yum.repos.d下面创建了CentOS-Media.repo,对该文件做适应修改就可以使用。以下是修改结果
[root@localhost etc]# cat yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
# CentOS-Media.repo
#
# This repo is used to mount the default locations for a CDROM / DVD on
# CentOS-5. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
# DVD ISO that we release.
#
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos to
# yum –enablerepo=c4-media [command]
#
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
# yum –disablerepo=\* –enablerepo=c4-media [command]
[c5-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///pkgstore/CentOS
# file:///media/cdrom/
# file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-beta
现在就可以使用yum check-update来测验一下本地源了。如果在没有连接网络情况,最好把yum.repos.d目录下面的其它repo文件适当更名,这样yum就只使用本地源,速度得以提升。
补充:
一、使用更新源的国内镜像
CentOS 安装完毕,首先应该修改更新源,并升级到最新的系统。
国内速度较快的常用更新源:
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/
http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/
http://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/mirrors/centos.org/centos/
首先备份CentOS-Base.repo,然后再编辑 yum 的配置文件
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
其中:
repositoryid:用于指定一个仓库
name:用于指定易读的仓库名称
baseurl:用于指定本仓库的URL,可以是以下的3种类型,如http,ftp,file
mirrorlist:用于指定仓库的镜像站点
enable:用于指定是否使用本仓库,默认值为1,即可用。
gpgcheck:用于指定是否检查软件包的GPG签名。
gpgkey:用于指定GPG签名文件的URL。
执行命令:
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
二、使用非官方更新源
下面以安装rpmforge和DAG软件包为例添加非官方更新源
I、添加rmpforge软件库
1)到http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rpmforge-release/查找适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。
2)下载适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packag ... 6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*
安装rpmforge-release软件包之后,就可以看到/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件,以后yum就可以使用这个更新源了。
II、添加DAG更新仓库。
1)在/etc/yum.repos.d/下建立dag.repo
2)编辑dag.repo
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/dag
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
保存退出。
然后导入Key,
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
添加DAG可能会有点问题,这要看所在网速如何?
三、使用如下命令更新到最新系统
# yum upgrade
四、安装必要的软件工具
# yum install wget bzip2 unzip zip nmap tree lynx fileutils ncftp lftp
若您需要在本机编译源代码的软件,请安装开发工具组的软件包
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
追加新源地址:
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages in testing
[testing]
name=CentOS-5 - Testing
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/testing/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5